Ageratina altissima Native to: All New England Life cycle: Short-Lived Perennial Light: Partial/Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Medium-Dry Height: 2-3’ Spread: 2-3’ Spacing: 1-3’ Blooms: July to October Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Deciduous woodland understories, shady roadside edges, and disturbed areas Pairs Well With: Blue lobelia and blue wood-aster Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Attracts Bees, Attracts Butterflies, Low Maintenance, Fragrant Note: White snakeroot is poisonous to humans, pets, and horses/cattle.

Chelone glabra Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium-Wet Height: 1-3’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Moist to wet meadows, thickets, and wooded streamsides Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Host Plant (eg. Baltimore Checkerspot), Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Low Maintenance, Attracts Hummingbirds Pairs Well With: Golden Alexander, blue iris, blue lobelia, New England aster, and New York ironweed

Verbena urticifolia Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Medium Height: 3-6’ Spacing: 2-3’ Blooms: June-October Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Human-disturbed or -maintained habitats, river or stream floodplains, forest edges, forests, meadows and fields Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Host Plant, Attracts Hummingbirds, Benefits Other Pollinators/Wildlife, Attracts Songbirds, Urban Environment, Low Maintenance White vervain stands out with delicate, white flowers and a dramatic, arching form.

Eurybia divaricata Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium to Dry Height: 1-2’ Spacing: 2-3’ Blooms: Aug-Sep Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Woodland edges and in the understory of deciduous forests with moist to dry soils Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Attracts Birds, Drought Tolerant, Urban Environment, Host Plant “This late summer to early fall-blooming woodland aster makes a handsome landscape plant. Dark green, heart-shaped leaves with deeply-toothed edges make a low, tidy clump from spring to mid-summer.

Asclepias verticillata Native to: VT, MA, CT and RI Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium to Dry Height: 2’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: Jul-Sep Bloom Color: White/Green Natural Habitat: Cliffs, balds, ridges, or ledges; woodlands Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Host Plant (eg. Monarch) “Whorled Milkweed can bloom anytime between July and September, which is later in the year than many other Milkweeds. There are clusters of approximately 20 flowers near the top of each plant.

Monarda fistulosa Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 2-4’ Spread: 12-18" Spacing: 2-3’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: purple Natural Habitat: Woodlands, edges, meadows, and disturbed areas Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Urban Environment, Edible, Host Plant (eg. orange mint and hermit sphinx moths) Pairs Well With: Foxglove beardtongue, Virginia mountain-mint, spotted bee balm, Virginia rose, and cranesbill geranium

Echinocystis lobata Native to: All New England Life cycle: Annual Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 15-20’ Spacing: 3-10’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: white Natural Habitat: Woodland edges, thickets, and roadsides Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Pollinator Favorite, Decorative Uses (eg. dried arrangements) Notes: Despite its name, the wild cucumber is NOT edible. Does best when it can climb on nearby fences or trellises. “A fast-growing and dramatic annual vine.

Mentha arvensis (M. canadensis) Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 12-18” Spread: 18-24” Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: White, purple Natural Habitat: Man-made/disturbed habitats, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Attracts Butterflies, Attracts Bees, Pollinator Favorite, Fragrant, Edible, Compaction Tolerant, Drought Tolerant, Low Maintenance, Erosion Control/Soil Stabilization Notes: There is some debate whether or not M.

Fragaria virginiana Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 2-6” Spread: 1-2’ Spacing: 3-10” Blooms: Apr-Jun Bloom Color: White Fruits: Jun-Jul Fruit Color: Red Natural Habitat: Meadows, woodland edges, and roadsides with moist to dry, sandy, or gravelly soils Pairs Well With: Partridge pea, cranesbill geranium, red columbine, and Northeastern beardtongue Benefits: Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Edible Fruits, Urban Environment, Drought Tolerant, Host Plant, Pollinator Favorite, Erosion Control, Low Maintenance

aka teaberry, checkerberry, eastern spicy-wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Partial/Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium to Dry Height: 1-6" Spacing: 6-12" Blooms: Summer Bloom Color: White Fruits: Fall/Winter Fruit Color: Red Natural Habitat: New England’s pine and hardwood forest’s understories Benefits: Fall Foliage, Winter Interest, Attracts Bees, Benefits Other Pollinators/Wildlife, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Drought Tolerant, Fragrant, Edible, Low Maintenance Pairs Well With: Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.