Monarda punctata Native to: Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont Life cycle: Perennial/self-sowing Biennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Dry to Dry Height: 2-3’ Spread: 12-24" Spacing: 8-12” Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: pink/purple Natural Habitat: Dry sandy or gravelly soils of beaches, pine barrens, woodland edges, and roadsides. Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Urban Environment, Drought Tolerant, Edible, Low Maintenance, Host Plant (Raspberry pyrausta) Pairs Well With: Blue-eyed grass, butterfly milkweed, Scotch bellflower, sundial lupine, and New Jersey tea

Lupinus perennis Native to: All New England (extinct in the wild in many states) Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Dry to Dry Height: 1-2’ Spread: 8-12" Spacing: 10-18” Blooms: May-July Bloom Color: purple Natural Habitat: Pine barrens, woodlands, meadows, and roadsides with dry, sandy soils Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Host Plant (Karner Blue), Compaction Tolerant, Drought Tolerant Pairs Well With: Spotted beebalm, butterfly milkweed, smooth blue aster, foxglove beardtongue, flax-leaved aster, and little bluestem

Doellingeria umbellata Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 3-7 Spread: 3-4’ Spacing: 1-3' Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: White/Cream Natural Habitat: Meadows, roadsides, and waste areas with moist soils Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Host Plant (eg. Pearly Crescent, Harris Checkerspot), Drought Tolerant, Low Maintenance Pairs Well With: Common milkweed “The nectar and pollen of this plant attract both long- and short-tongued bees, wasps, flies, butterflies (including the Harris’s Checkerspot butterfly), beetles, and other insects.

Pycnanthemum virginianum Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium-Dry Height: 2-3’ Spread: 1-2’ Spacing: 12-18” Blooms: June-September Bloom Color: white Natural Habitat: Dry to moist meadows, ditches, and roadsides. Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Bird Favorite, Fragrant, Low Maintenance, Edible Pairs Well With: Foxglove beardtongue, black-eyed coneflower, wild bee-balm, broad-leaved mountain-mint, New England aster, and three-lobed coneflower In mid-summer, small white flowers bloom atop silvery-green foliage attracting numerous pollinators – this is a top nectar plant.

Ageratina altissima Native to: All New England Life cycle: Short-Lived Perennial Light: Partial/Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Medium-Dry Height: 2-3’ Spread: 2-3’ Spacing: 1-3’ Blooms: July to October Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Deciduous woodland understories, shady roadside edges, and disturbed areas Pairs Well With: Blue lobelia and blue wood-aster Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Attracts Bees, Attracts Butterflies, Low Maintenance, Fragrant Note: White snakeroot is poisonous to humans, pets, and horses/cattle.

Chelone glabra Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium-Wet Height: 1-3’ Spacing: 2’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Moist to wet meadows, thickets, and wooded streamsides Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Host Plant (eg. Baltimore Checkerspot), Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Low Maintenance, Attracts Hummingbirds Pairs Well With: Golden Alexander, blue iris, blue lobelia, New England aster, and New York ironweed

Asclepias verticillata Native to: VT, MA, CT and RI Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium to Dry Height: 2’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: Jul-Sep Bloom Color: White/Green Natural Habitat: Cliffs, balds, ridges, or ledges; woodlands Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Host Plant (eg. Monarch) “Whorled Milkweed can bloom anytime between July and September, which is later in the year than many other Milkweeds. There are clusters of approximately 20 flowers near the top of each plant.

Monarda fistulosa Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 2-4’ Spread: 12-18" Spacing: 2-3’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: purple Natural Habitat: Woodlands, edges, meadows, and disturbed areas Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Urban Environment, Edible, Host Plant (eg. orange mint and hermit sphinx moths) Pairs Well With: Foxglove beardtongue, Virginia mountain-mint, spotted bee balm, Virginia rose, and cranesbill geranium

Echinocystis lobata Native to: All New England Life cycle: Annual Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 15-20’ Spacing: 3-10’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: white Natural Habitat: Woodland edges, thickets, and roadsides Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Pollinator Favorite, Decorative Uses (eg. dried arrangements) Notes: Despite its name, the wild cucumber is NOT edible. Does best when it can climb on nearby fences or trellises. “A fast-growing and dramatic annual vine.

Mentha arvensis (M. canadensis) Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 12-18” Spread: 18-24” Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: White, purple Natural Habitat: Man-made/disturbed habitats, meadows and fields, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Attracts Butterflies, Attracts Bees, Pollinator Favorite, Fragrant, Edible, Compaction Tolerant, Drought Tolerant, Low Maintenance, Erosion Control/Soil Stabilization Notes: There is some debate whether or not M.