aka side-flowering aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Medium-Dry Height: 2’ Spacing: 18-36" Blooms: August-October Bloom Color: White, Purple Natural Habitat: Forest edges, forests, meadows and fields Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite “Calico American-aster is so called because the disk flowers start out yellow and turn dark purple or red with age. Often a single plant will have flowers of both colors.

aka Wild Lily-of-the-Valley Maianthemum canadense Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Partial/Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium to Medium-Wet Height: 2-8” Spacing: 4-6” Blooms: May-June Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Forest understory, roadsides, disturbed areas Benefits: Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Drought Tolerant, Urban Environment, Salt Tolerant, Attracts Bees, Attracts Songbirds, Benefits Other Wildlife, Low Maintenance Pairs Well With: Bunchberry, Northern maidenhair fern, zig-zag goldenrod, and white wood aster “A small white wildflower usually found in boreal coniferous forests.

Lobelia cardinalis Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Short-Lived Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium-Wet Height: 2-4’ Spread: 8-12” Spacing: 6-16” Blooms: July-September Bloom Color: Red Natural Habitat: Wetlands and streamsides Pairs Well With: Boneset, blue iris, coastal Joe-Pye weed, blue lobelia, heart-leaved Alexander, and Northern lady fern Benefits: Bird Favorite, Pollinator Favorite, Attracts Hummingbirds, Host Plant (eg. Spicebush Swallowtail, Pink Washed Looper Moth), Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Low Maintenance

Eutrochium dubium Native to: NH, ME, MA, CT, RI Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium to Wet Height: 3-6’ Spread: 2-4’ Spacing: 3-4’ Blooms: Late summer Bloom Color: Pink Natural Habitat: Streamsides, pond edges, roadside ditches, and wet meadows Pairs Well With: Blue iris, New England aster, swamp milkweed, and tall-white aster Benefits: Attracts Bees, Attracts Butterflies, Host Plant (eg. Ruby Tiger Moth, Eupatorium Borer Moth, Great Tiger Moth), Salt Tolerant, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Low Maintenance

Carex grayi Native to: VT, MA, CT (rare in the wild) Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Wet to Medium Height: 3’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: May-August Bloom Color: Nondescript Natural Habitat: Grows in moist environments as slowly-spreading colonies. It is an uncommon sedge because it thrives in both woodlands and wetlands. Benefits: Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Host Plant (eg. Eyed Brown Butterfly, Appalachian Brown Butterfly)

Oenothera biennis Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Biennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 6’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: June-October Bloom Color: Yellow Natural Habitat: Recently disturbed soils of prairies, old fields, roadsides and other sunny medium to dry sites. Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Bird Favorite, Host Plant (Primrose Moth) “Much of the life cycle of the stunning pink Primrose Moth (Schinia florida) can be in the Common Evening Primrose plant.

Asclepias syriaca Native to: All New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 24-42" Spread: 36-60" Spacing: 24-36" Blooms: June-August Bloom Color: pink Natural Habitat: farm fields, ditches, and disturbed sites Benefits: Pollinator Favorite, Bird Favorite, Deer Resistant, Host Plant (eg. Monarch), Drought Tolerant, Salt Tolerant, Urban Environment Notes: Be gentle when transplanting, making sure to preserve the long taproot. “Monarch butterflies lay their eggs exclusively on Milkweed plants, making them the sole food source for their larvae.

Physocarpus opulifolius Native to: Vermont and scattered New England counties Life cycle: Perennial Shrub/Small Tree Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Dry Height: 4-9’ Spread: 6-10’ Spacing: 4-6’ Blooms: May-Jul Bloom Color: White Natural Habitat: Man-made or disturbed habitats, river or stream floodplains, forest edges, forests, shores of rivers or lakes Benefits: Bird Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Drought Tolerant, Urban Environment, Host Plant (eg. ninebark beetle, Io moth), Low Maintenance, Erosion Control/Soil Stabilization

aka wild golden glow Rudbeckia laciniata Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full Sun to Full Shade Soil Moisture: Medium-Wet to Medium Height: 3-7’ Spacing: 2-4’ Blooms: July-October Bloom Color: Yellow Natural Habitat: River or stream floodplains, forests, shores of rivers or lakes, swamps, wetland margins Benefits: Bird Favorite, Pollinator Favorite, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Host Plant, Compaction Tolerant, Low Maintenance “Cutleaf coneflower is always a striking sight, with dropping rays that set it apart from the other Susans.

Solidago puberula Native to: All of New England Life cycle: Perennial Light: Full/Partial Sun Soil Moisture: Medium to Dry Height: 1-3’ Spacing: 1-2’ Blooms: Midsummer-Fall Bloom Color: Yellow Natural Habitat: Roadsides, blueberry barrens, and disturbed areas with dry, sandy, or gravelly acidic soil Benefits: Host Plant, Attracts Songbirds, Pollinator Favorite, Benefits Other Pollinators/Wildlife, Urban Environment, Drought Tolerant, Deer/Rabbit Resistant, Salt Tolerant, Low Maintenance Pairs Well With: Spotted beebalm, seaside goldenrod, New Jersey tea, switch panicgrass, flax-leaved stiff aster, smooth blue aster, and little bluestem